13

:

Bilyanets ( 7) bilyants bilyants

bilyants

Tycho Brahe 91 . 1200

. .. 1404 .. 1709 Peter I Nicholas I "Kol ... " - 35 . . "" 15 :

.. 1550 : 1760

.. 1584 20

Christian Huygens

: ( 8) : ( 9) ""

Kulibin Voloskov

Ivan Petrovich Kulibin (1735-1818) 500 ( 10) Catherine II, Kulibin : " ... 8 4

Terenty Ivanovich Voloskov (1729-1806)

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1 . 1 ° C 0.012 . - 0.016 . - 0.028 . 0°C 20°C 10.4

.. 1725 ( 11).

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3.5 432,000 216,000

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