??????? ? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ???????

???? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??: ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????:

???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ? ??????? ?? ??????:

??? ????????????? ???????

?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? 200 ?, ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????:
?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?:
???? ??? ????????????? ???????? ? ????, ???????? ????????? ????????????:

??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????.

1. ??????? ??????? ? ????????????
2. ???? ??????????????? ??????? (????? ??????????) ??? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? (????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????)
3. ?????? ? ???????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????
4. ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????
5. ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???

????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? 20 ??, ???????? 60-70 ???

????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?.

1. ??????? ??? ??????????? 48 ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????????
2. 4-5 ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? ??????:
3. ??? 5 ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????

????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? 50-80 ????

????? ?? ???????? Drosophila ???????:

??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????

1. ?????????? - ??????????? ?????????? - «????? ????????????, ???»: ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ???
2. ???? ???, ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????:

?????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ????, ??????????????. ?????????

??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????????

??????????? ??????????? Drosophila-? ??????????? ????????? ?: ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?, ???? ???? ????? ??.

1. ???, ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????: ?????? ????? ????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????
2. ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? Combat, Dichlorvos, Raptor: ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????????
3. ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????:

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????????. ?????????????, ???????????

?????????? ??????????? ????????

???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ? ????????.

1 ????????

• ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? 1?1 ?????????????????
• ????? ???? ???????? ???
• ???????? ? ??? ?????????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????
• ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????:

2 ????????

• ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ?? ????????????: ???????? ??????? ??? ????????: ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????:

3 ????????

• ??????? ??? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ??.

1. fern ?????????
2. ??????
3. ?????? ????????
4. ????????
5. ???????

• ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????. ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????:

4 ????????

• ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????:

5 ????????

• ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ? ??????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????

?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??????????

???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????.

???????

• ??????? ??????? ?????
• ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????
• ?????? ????? ????? ????????
• ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????
• ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????

???????

• ???????? ???????? - ?????? ???????
• ???????? ??? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??:

??????

• ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???????:
• ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????
• ????? ??? ????????

???????

• ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????, ??????, ?????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????
• ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???:
• ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???

?????????

• ??????? ????? ????? ??????
• ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ???
• ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????
• ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ???
• ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??????????
• ??????? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???:
• ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?, ????????? ??? ??????????
• ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ? ????????? 7-10 ?????

????, ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????

• ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????:

???? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????

??? ???? ? ????, ??????? Drosophila ??????? ??????? ????, ???????????, ??????????, ???????????. ????????????

????? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ???? ??????? ???????

????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????.

1. ??? ????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????:
2. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????: ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????
3. ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ????????
4. ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????:
5. ????????, ?? ?????? ??????: ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????
6. ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????: ????? ????? ????? Drosophila-? ??????? ????????????
7. ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????:
8. ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? - ?? ????????? ???????????? ? - ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????

???? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? Drosophila-? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ???????? ???:

?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????

?????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????.

Drosophila-? ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????: ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????????????????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? «?????? ??????? ??????????»: ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ? ???? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????

????????????????? Drosophila-? ? ??? ????????? ????

Midges- ? ???? ?????????? ??, ????? ??? ?????????????????? ?? ????????? ????????

Drosophila-? ????????? ? Diptera ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? 2000-?, ??????? 1–3 ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????, 6–8 ??? ? 2 ????

?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ?? ????????, ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??

Drosophila-? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????????????, ??????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????????????: ??? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??????????????? ? ??????????.

1. ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???? ????? ?????????? ??????
2. ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ???????, ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??? ????????:
3. ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ???, ?????? ???, ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?? ??????????:

??????????? ?????????? ??????????

Drosophila-? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ??? 20 ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????, ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ????:

??????. ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??????? ?????? ? ??????? 8-10 ??????

???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????

1. ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???, ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????: ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ? ????: ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??
2. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????:
3. ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????????: ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????:

?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ????: ??? ????????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? 0,5 ??-?: ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????: ??????, ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????:

?????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????:

?????? ??????? ??????? ????????

?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????

??????? ????????

Drosophila-? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??.

• ?????????;
• ????????;
• ????? ????????;
• zappers.

?????????

?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????.

• BEAPCO 6-Pack Drop-Ins Fruit Traps;
• Victor M380 Fly Maqnet 1-Quart Reusable Trap With Bait;
• Fly Web Fly Trap;
• TERRO Fruit Fly Trap T2500.

1. ?????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ? ??????, ?? ???????? ???????? ?????: BEAPCO 6-Pack Drop-Ins Fruit Traps-? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????: ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ????. ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ??: BEAPCO 6-Pack Drop-Ins Fruit Traps-? ??????? ?????? ?????: ?? ????? ? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????:

BEAPCO 6-Pack Drop-Ins Fruit Traps-? ??????? ??

2. Victor M380 Fly Magnet 1-Quart Reusable Trap With Bait-? ????? ? ?????? ? ?? ?????????: ??? ???????? ? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? Drosophila-? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ? ????? ???????: ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????, ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????????:????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???:

Victor M380 Fly Magnet 1-Quart Reusable Trap With Bait

3. Fly Web Fly Trap-? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????: ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? 9W ????: ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ?: ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????:

????? ?????????? ? ???????????????????? ??????

4. TERRO Fruit Fly Trap T2500-? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????:??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????: ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? 30 ?? ??

???????? ??????

Zappers

????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????????????, ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????.

• Electronic Indoor Insect Killer Zapper-15.5 Inch-? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?, ???? ?????, ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?, ??? ??????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????????????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????;
• The Executioner Fly Swat Wasp Buq Mosquito Swatter Zapper-? ???? ???????? ?, ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????????: ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????;
• ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????:

Zapper-???? ????? ??????????? ??, ??? ????? ??? ???????:

????????

????? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ????????????? ??????? Hot Shot 5580 No Pest Strip ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?????????, ??? ???? ? ?????? ????????????: ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???, ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????????: ???? ???? ???? ? ???????? ???????:

????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????

?????

????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????: Garden Safe Insecticidal Soap Insect Killer 24-Ounce Ready To Use Spray 10424X-? ?????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????: ??? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ????? ???, ????? ???????? ??: ??? ????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????, ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????: ??? ?? ?????????? ????????:

?????? ????? ??????? ?, ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???

??? ????????

1. ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ???, ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? Invade Bio Drain Gel-1 qt: ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????, ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ???, ??? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????:
2. ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ? ? ????????? ????-2-?, ??? ???????? ? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????????:

??????????? ????????

???? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??.

1. ????? ??????????? ????, ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?: ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????: ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????: 1-2 ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
2. ????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ????: ??? ??? ????? ?????, ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????: ?????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????: ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??
3. ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????: ???? ????? ???? ? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???, ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???: ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???, ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???:
4. Drosophila-? ?????? ? ????: ??????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????? ???????????: ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?:
5. ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????: ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ????? ???? ?????:
6. ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ? 3-4 ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????
7. Drosophila-? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????: ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????:
8. Geranium-? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????: ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????:
9. ????????, ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????: ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????, ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????:
10. ??????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????:

?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??? ??????????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? Drosophila ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ? ????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????

??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???: ?? ????????????? ? Drosophila-? ???????? ?????????????????: ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????????, ???? ?????, ???????? ???????

????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ????, ?????????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????

??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?? ????? 2 ??, ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????????, ????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? Drosophila-? ?????? ????????????? ?????? 3 ???? ?, ?????? ???? ????????????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ? ??????, ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????? 3-5 ?? ?, ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ????????? (??????? ???): ?? ????????? ?, ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ? ????????????

??? ??????? ????? ? ????? 40-?? 90 ???: ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????: ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????: ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ??????, ??????????? ??? ??????, ???????????? ?????, ????????? ???????????

?????? ?. Drosophila-? ????????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ?????????:

??????????? ?????????????

Drosophila-? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????, ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????????? ?????????????, ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????.

• ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ?????:
• ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??? ????????????, ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?, ?? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????: ??? ??????? ??, ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????:
• ???? ????? ???????? ??, ???? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????, ???? ???????:
• ??? ????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????????, ????? ??????? ??:
• ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????????:
• ????????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????
• ??? ????? ? ????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ? ????? ???, ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????:
• ???????? ???????? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????????

??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??, ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????

??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????

??? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ???? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????: ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????

??????????

?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???, ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? Drosophila-?? ??????????????? ??? Dichlorvos, Kombat, Hexachloran, Raptor? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?, ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ????, ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???:

?????????

????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????: Raptor ??????? ?????? ?: ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?. ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????:

??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ???: ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ? ??????, ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ???? ??????

????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????.

?????? ?. ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ????:

????? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????????

??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ???? ???, ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????, ??? ????????? ? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????

?????? ? ?????????? ??? ???????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????, elderberry ????? ??? ?, ??? ?????????: ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????

?????? ???????

????? ????????? ??????? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????????: ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????, ???? ? ??????: ???? ??????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????

????

Drosophila ?????, ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????: ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????

Drosophila-? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?:

??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ??? 1500 ??????: ????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????

??? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?, ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????????:

????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ????????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????????, ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????:

?????? 20-?? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????, ????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ? ? ??? ??????????????:

????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????, ??? Drosophila ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????, ???? ??????????? ??????????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???????:

??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????

??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? 1,5-?? 3 ??:

??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????-????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????:

???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??: ??? ?????? ??? ?????????????????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????: ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????:

??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????

?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????:

????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????:

Drosophila ??????? ????? ????? ?????: ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????????

Drosophila ?????

???? ???, ??? 3 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???: ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????????: ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????

??????? ??????? ????????????????

??? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? 12 ???????

????????????? ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????

????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? 10 ° C, ??? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????: ??? ???????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????? ? ????????

?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? 400 ???? ???????? ???????? 0,5 ?? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????? ???: ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? 24 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? 5 ????? 2 ???? ?? ??????

??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????:

??? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ??? 5 ??, ???? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????.

?????????, ????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?: ??? 12 ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????????:

???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????

??? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ???????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ?????????? ????????????

????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ????

?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?????

???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????

????????????? ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????

??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ???????

??????????????, ?????????? ???????, ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????: ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????: ????? ??? ? ?????????? ??????????, ???????? ??.

??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ? ??????? ?????????: ???????, ???? ???? ? ??? 1 ??? ???????: ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???:

Drosophila ??????? ?????????

?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????????: ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ??????????, ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????, ????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??: ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???, ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????: ???????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????.

??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????????, ??? ?????? ??? ? ????????

??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????

??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ??? ??????????, ?????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????:

?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????: ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????:

???? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???:

????? ???? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ??????, ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???: ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????????, ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ???????

??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???????

????? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????: ??????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ? ????????????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ??????:

?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????

??????, ???? ?????? ??? 2 ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???: ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????: ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????.

??? ????? ???????????, ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?: ???? ???, ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????, ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????:

??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???

??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????:

??????, ??? ???? ??? ???????? ? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?, ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????, ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????

??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????: Drosophila ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????: ??? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????, ???????? ?? ???????, ???????? ? ??????: ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????

???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????????? ? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????: ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????, ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????????

???? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????: ???? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????

??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???: ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????: ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????: ???? ???, ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????

??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? (??????? ???????): ????? ???? ? ???? ????????: ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????????. ????? Drosophila ??: ?????? ?????? ????? ??? - ??????? ??? ????????:

????????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ??????: ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?, ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??... ????????? ?, ?? ?????? ?????? Drosophila ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????????????? ????????: ?????? ?????? ????? ???, ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????????:

????????? ???? ??? ????? ? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???? ??? 200 ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????: ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????: ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????, ???????, ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ????????:

????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????: ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????: ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????: ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????:

???????? ?? ????? ??????

??? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ????????, ???????? ????????, ???????, ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????: ???? ???, ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ?, ????????, ????? ?????? ?????????????: ??? ????? - Drosophila!

???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????

?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ?????: ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????: ????????, ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????: ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???: ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????, ???????? ???? ???: ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???: ??? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ???????? ????, ? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??? ? ???????:

??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???:

????? ??????

???????? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???: ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??

????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???: ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????: ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????: ??? ???????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????: ???? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????:

??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????: ?? ????????? ? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????, ???????? ???, ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ???: ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????:

????? ?????

???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????????, ???????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????: ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ??????? Drosophila-? ???????? ?:

??????? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????: ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????:

??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???: ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?????????:

??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????????: ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????: ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????:

???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????: ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????: ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????: ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????

????? ??????

???????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????, ????, ????? ??? ???????? ??????????: ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????

??? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???, ??? 10 ?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????: ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ? ?? ???? ??, ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ???? ???? ??? 7 ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????

??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ????? ?? ????? 2-3 ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??

????? ???????

??? ?????? ??? ????? ?, ? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ???-?? ????? ????: ?????? ??????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????:

????????????

????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???: ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???: ??? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????, ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?, ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????: ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??, ?, ????????, ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????????:

??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??? ???????, ??????, ???????? ??????? ? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???????: ?????????, ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ??, ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???: ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????, ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????:

?????? ???, ?? ???? ????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???, ?????? ???: ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????

1. ????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? (??????? ???????????):
2. ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ???????
3. ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??

?????? ????? Drosophila ???????: ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??, ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????: ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????

??????????????, ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????, ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????, ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ? ??? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?, ???????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????????????, ??? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ????: ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???????

???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? - ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?, ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?: ??? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ????

?????? ???????????????

Drosophila-? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ??????: ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??: ?? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????, ????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??

???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ????????????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????????, ??? ??? ????? ???: ?????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????, ???? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???, ??????, ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ????????, ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????:

????????? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??, ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?, ? ????????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??, ????? ????????? ?? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????: ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????, ???? ???, ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????

Drosophila-? ??? ???? ???????? ??: ????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? 10 ?????? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????, ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????: ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????????????, ?????? ? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????:

??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???, ??? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????????, ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????????????, ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????????: ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ? ????? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????:

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