?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????

????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????? ??, ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? 3-4 ????, ??? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ???? ???:

??? 50-????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????? 6-8 ??????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????: ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????

????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????

?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? 50 ?? ????????? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? 15–20 ????????? ???? ??- ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????, ??? ????? ??????, ? 2-4 ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????

???????, ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???????, ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? 40 ??,????? ?????????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ??? 50 ???????????? ???? ?????? ??.???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????, ???? ???????, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? (?????? ?????): ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ???????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????????: ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ????????? ??, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????

??????? 20-??, ???????? ??????????? ???? ???, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????, ? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? 2 ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????????, 8 ????????? ? ???? ??????????, ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? 25-?? ?? ?.??? ???? ?????????????? ??????? 60 ?????????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? 1 ?. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????, ?? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???:

?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???, ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ? ????? 4 ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ???

???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? 8–10 ??? ???? ???????? 4–5 ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????

?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??, ?????? ????? ?? 150–350 ?, ?????? ????????????????????? ???? ???:

????????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? 10 ?? ?? (??? ????????????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????), ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? 300 ????, ????? ??? 20 ???? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??????. «???? ?? ???????, ????? ??????? ? ??? ??????»: «????. – ???????? ??????? ?????????????? - ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??, ??????? ???? ????…»:

??????? ??????, ????????? ??? ???, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????, ? 6 ???? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????

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

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????: ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????????: ????????, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????, ?????????? ?????, ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ????????????:

?????????????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????.

?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? 14-16 ???, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????????????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??: ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????:

?????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ????, ?????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? (??. 13): ?????? ????????????? 50 ??,????????????? ? ???????????? 20-?? ??.????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 10 ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??,? 2 ???? ??.?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????????????

???? ????????????? ??? (????? 100 ?) ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????

?? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 55 ???????????? ???? ??,??????????? ? ???????????? 25 ??.

?????. 13. ????, ????? ???????? ? ????-?????

????? ????????? ?? 30–50 ????????????? ??? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????: . ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???:

?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????: ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? (1.5–2 ?) ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??? ????? ????? ?, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???: ???? «???????» ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???? ??????(??. 14):

??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????????, ??? ???? ? ????????? ????????? 5-?? ?? ????? ????????? ???: ??.

?????. 14. ???????-????? ????? ????? ????

??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ???? ????????????, ??? ????? ????????????: ??????????? 12-15 ??? ???, ????????? ? ??????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?, ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????:

???? ????? ? ???? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????: ????? ???????????? 10–12 ?? ???? (??????? 8–10) ????????? ? ?????????? ??????

??? ???????? ??????? ?? 6-8 ???? ??,????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? 0,5% ??????????, ??? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? 1% ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? 1-2 ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????

??????? 20-25-? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ???: ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????????: ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??????????? ????? ????: ???? ??????????? 60–70 ?? ?, ????????? ??????? 1 ? ?, ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????, ? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? 15-20 ? ??? ????? ?????:

??????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???, ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ????: ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ???? ? ???????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ?????????: ????, ??????? ? ????: ??? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ???? (???? ?????), ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????:

??? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???: ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????: ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????, ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ??? ??????. ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????:

???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???: ?????????? ??? ?, ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???: ???? ???, ???? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???????: ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??? ? ???? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? (????? ??????) ????? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ??:????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?, ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????: ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ????, ???????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??, ? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???: ??? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????:

???????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ?? 4-5 ????? ??? ????? ?????: ????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ? 30–40%-??, ??????? ???, ?????? ????? ? ????? ??. 15. ???? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????

????? ????? ????????? (?????? - ???????) ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? 3-4 ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????

??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????????? 1% ?????????? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????

??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ? ???????????, ???????? ??? ? ????? ??????????? ????????

?????. 15. ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????? 2,5 ??????? ??

????????? ??? ?? ??? ????????????, ????? ?????, ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? (??????? ????, ????? ????, ??????? No 353, ?????? ??????, ????? ? ????)? ??? ? ????? ??????? ????????????? (???????????, ???????, ?? ??????, ?????? ???????, ?????, ?????? ?????, ???????????, ?????? ???????, ?????, ???????, ?????????? ? ????) ??????????? ?? ????????????

?????????? ?????? - ????????? ?????? (?????? ????????) ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? 30-40 ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? 5-6% ?????? ??????????

???????, ????????????? ???????? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? 2–3 ???? ????????? ???????????? ?????, ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???? ? 6–8 ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? 2-4 ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ????, ???????? ???????? 0–25 ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??.

???????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????, ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? (10–12-?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ???? ??????????):

??????, ???????????? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? (??????? ? ??. 16-??? ????????)? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? 5-6% ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????.

????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????, ????????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? (????? ???????? ????????????? ??????) ???? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????: ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ? ????????????? ????? ????? 5-8 ???? ?????? ??? ??????????????

?????. 16. ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

? - ??????? ??????? ????; ? - ?????? ???????.

??????, ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??, ?? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? (??? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????): ??. 17 ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???, ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????:

?????. 17. ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? - ??????? ???? ???????; ? - ?????.

??????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? (??. 18): ??????????, ?????????, ??? ????? ????? ??, ????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? 8–10 ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? 4–6 ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???:

?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????: ?? ????? ? ???? ???????, ??????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????????: ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ??? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ??? ? ??????????:

???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ? ??????????? ?????? ??, ????? ?????????? ??????? 20–25 ?? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????: ?????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????:

??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ????????, ????????????? ?????? ????????

??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ????, ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????

??? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ? ???????: ?????????, ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????????:

?????. 18. ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ????????? ? ?????? ????????.

??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????: ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? 100 ?-?? ?? ????? ???, ???? ??. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ? ???, ??? ????????? ???????????? ?

??????? ????????? ????? ?????????

?????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????? ????????????, ? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???: ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?????? ?? ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ???

?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???????

?????? ?????? 1500 ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ? ??? ???????????? P. N. Shteinberg, How to get 1500 poods of potatoes from a ?????????: ????????? ???????????? ?????. ?., «??????», 1925. ????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? 1500 ????? ?????????

???? ? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????

?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??????` ??????? ????? ??????? ?????: ???? ??? ?, ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????, ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????

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????? ??? ???????? ??????????????: ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????

3.9. ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????: ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ? ????????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ???????? ????-??? ????????? ??

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1001 ???????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????

?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? (????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????????) ????????? ??????? ???? ??????-???????: ????????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???: ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ???

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?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???????????. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????: ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??, ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ?????:

???????? ?????

??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?, ?? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? 16 ?????: ????? ?????? ? ????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????: ????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? 30-35 ?? ????, ???? ??? ???

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??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????????: ??? ???? ??? ??????. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????: ??? ????????????? ??? ??????(?????? ????????????? ?): ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ???????

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?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?, ??? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????: ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ?????????, ??? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???????

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