ladybe.ru
Past Perfect? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????? Past Perfect - ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????
Past Perfect Tense-? ??????????? ? ????? «?????? ???????? ???????»:
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??????????? Past Perfect ???????? ??????????
Past Perfect ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????(?? have ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?) ? ?????? ???????? ????:
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Past Perfect ???????? ????????? ??????.
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?????????? ?? Past Perfect-? ?????????? ?? ???????????? to have ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? - had ? ????????? ???? ?????? (???????? II) (???????? ???????? ???? 3-?? ???):
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Past Perfect-? ???????????? ?.
- 1. ?????????? ?????????????, ??? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ????: ??????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????????? ????? (????, ??, ???) ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????????: ??? ??? ?????????????, ??? ?????? ? ????? ???, ??????????? ? Simple Past/Past Indefinite-??:
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????
????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????, ??? ???? ??????????? (= ????? ?????????? ?????????:) ????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????: (= ????? ?????????? ?????????:)
??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????? ????? ????????????. ????, ????? ??? ???? Past Perfect-??? ???????? ?: ????????????? ?????????? ???, ??? ???????? ? ????? ??? (?????? - ???????), ????????? ? Simple Past - ????????
- 2. ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????????????????.
?) ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????????? Past Perfect-??: ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? - ???.
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- 3. ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????????????????, ??? Simple Past/Past Indefinite-?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ????????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ???:
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(??? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? (??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ?? ???), ????? ? ????????????? ????????, ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ???:
- 4. Simple Past/Past Indefinite-?? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?, ???????? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????????, ??? ??? ???????????? ? Past Perfect-??:
???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????: ????????? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ???????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????:
???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????: ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????:
?????? ??????, ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????????????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????, ??? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????: ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? «????» ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????, ??? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ? Past Perfect: ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
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???? ?? ?????? ??????????????: ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ????? ????????, ???? ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????????????? ????????????????, ???????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ????:
??????? ? ?????????? Past Perfect-? (???????? + ?????????)
- ???????????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? « ?????«?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???(???? ????? ????????? «-» ???????????????? ???», ? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????):
- ????????????????. ????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????«? ???????» ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ??».
?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????, Past Perfect-? ??????? ? ?????, ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????: IN ????????????????????????» ?????» ????????? ???? ????????, ? ?????????- ??????? ???» ??« ??????:
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| ????? | ???? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ????, ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? | ???? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ????, ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? |
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Past Perfect-? ??????????? ??????.
- ?????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ?????????????, ??? ???? ? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????: ??????? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? Past Simple-??, ? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????. ??????«(???? ??????? / ???), « ????«(????), « ??????«(????, ????), ???" (???), " ????? ???«(????? ???), « ??????«(??????, ??????).
??????????? ????????? ?? ? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ?????????. - ???? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????? ???????:
???? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ???, ??? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ????:
???? ????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? -????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ? (????) ?????? ????????? (?????????????? ??????):
- ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???, ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ????????????? ? ???? ???????.
?? ????? ??. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????. - ?? ????? ??: ?? ??? ??? ???????
?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????. - ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????:
- Past Perfect-? ???????????? ? « ???«?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ( ?????? ??????????) ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???-?? ??? ????, ??? ????????? ???????, ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????
??? ?? ???????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???: -??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ????
??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???????????? ??? ???? - ??? ????????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??? ????
- Past Perfect-? ???????????? ? ??????????????????» ????? ?? … ???«??» ?? ???? … ???« ??? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??? ?, ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????. ???? ?????????????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? «???? ??...», «??????? ??????...», «???? ??...» ???????
????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????? ???. - ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ?????? ??????
?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????-?? ???? ????? ?????. - ???? ???????? ????? ????????, ???-?? ???? ????? ?????:
- ????????????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????:
?? ???????? ?????? Lucky-?? ? ?????? ??????: ??? ????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???. - ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????: ?????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???:
Formation Past Perfect Passive
?????? ??? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? .
- ???????????????: ?????? + ????? ???? ? + ??? 3 ????? + [?????? ??????].
????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????- ????? ???????? ???? ????????
????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???. -????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????:
????????????????: ?????? + ????? + ?? + ???? ? + ??? 3 ????? + [?????? ??????].
????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????. - ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????
???????? ????? ???? 2-? ??? ????????????. -???????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????????
????: ????? + ?????? + ???? ? + ??? 3 ?? + [??? ???????]?
??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????-???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???
??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ???:-????? ???????? ? ????? ??????????:
Present Perfect vs Past Perfect
??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? Present Perfect-? ? Past Perfect-? ???? ???? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????:
| ????? ?, ?? Present Perfect-? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? - ?????? ???????? ??? ? ??????? |
????? ?, ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ?????????, ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??? - ???? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ??? |
| ????? ? ?????, ?? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ? ? ????? ??????, ?? ??????? ??? ?, ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????. ?? ???? ??? ??????: ????? ????? ???????? ??? - ?? ???? ??? ??????: ????? ????? ???????? ??: |
????? ? ?????, ?? ?????????????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????????. ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? - ??????? ????? ??: ????????? ?? ?????? |
???? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????, ??????? ????? ????????? Past Perfect-? ??????????? ??????????:
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????????, ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ? ???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????? Past Perfect-???, ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????: ???? ????????, ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ? ????????????? ???????, ? ?????????, ?? ?????? ??????? Present Perfect-? ? Past Perfect-?: ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?, ?? Past Perfect-? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ?????????:
????????? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???
??????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????:
??? ? ????????? EnglishDom ???????
????????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ???????: ???? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ? ??????, ????? ? ????? ????????????, ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ????????????: ????????? ???? 12 ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????: ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ??????????????? ??? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????????????????? ? ????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????: ?????? ??? ???????????, ?? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???, ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????
??????? Past perfect-? ??????????? ?????
???????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????, ?????? ?????: ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? Perfect Past-???, ??? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ? Past Simple ???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????:
- ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? -???? ????????????????????????????????????? ???:
- ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? 8-?? – ?????????? ?????????????????8-????????
?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????: ?? ????????? ?, ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????
- ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ?? ?????? – TO????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????.
Past Perfect Tense-?? ???????????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????. Past Perfect Continuous ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????????, ??????????, ?????????, ?????????????????? ?????? ???, ????????, ???? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????:
- ? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? 8 ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????????????? – ?? ??? ??????? ????? 8 ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ???:
?? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??? ??????????????, ??????????????????? ????????????? ? «. ????? ??…???», « ??????? ????...???», « ????? ??…???« ??? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? « ?????... ??????; ??????? ??????... ??????« ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????. ????????? ? ????? ???????:
- ????? ???? ???? ????????????, ??? ???????? ???????? – ????? ???????? ?????????????,???????????????????????.
??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ? ?????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????????
??????? ???????? ?????????
??? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????:
????????, ??? ??? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? Past Perfect-??? ?????????????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?????? II:
??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????:
- ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ? (1) ????? (2) ????? ??????? (3)- ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??:
???????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????.
- ????? (1) ??? (2) ???????(3) ??????? ???? 11-??? – ??????????????????11-????????
??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????, ????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????
????????? ?????????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? had ???? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ????????, ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ????:
- ?? ???????(1)?? ???????(2+3)???????(4)??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? –??????????????????????????????????, ??? ?? ???:
????? ????????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? (?????), ????? ??????????? ?? ???????. ??????, ???? ??, ????????, ?????, ?????, ?????, ???,??????, ?????.
???? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????
| ????????? | ?????????????? |
| ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????: | ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? |
| ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ????: | ???? ???? ???????? ??????????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? |
| ???? ?????????, ??? ???????, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? | ???? ?????????, ??? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????????? |
| ? ??? ????? ????? ???? 3-? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??. | ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? |
| ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??
?????????? ?? ??????? ??, ??? ?? ???? ??
, ???
?
???, ?? ??????? ?? . |
???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ?????????: ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????, ?????? ???? |
| ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????: ?? ??????????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? (?????????? ??) = ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? (?????????? ??) ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? |
???? ??????? ?? ??? ????????: ?? ??????????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????: ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????: ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???: |
| ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???: ???, ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? . |
???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???: ???, ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? |
| ?????? ?????
?????????????? ??????
?? ????? ????, ??? ?? ??
?
???, ?? ???? . |
??????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ???: ???, ?? ?????: |
| ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? | ???? ???? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????. |
| ?????
?????? ????
?? ????????? ???
????, ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ????: |
??? ??????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????: ?? ????????? ????? ? 10 cupcakes. |
| ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????: ??, ????? ??? ????: ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? . |
?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????: ??, ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????: |
???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ? ??????????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????????: ??????? ??? ???????????????? 30 ???? ???? ????????, ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????, ????????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ? ????? ?????????:
?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?: ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ? Present Perfect, ???? ??? 3 ????????????????.
1. Present perfect ???????????? ? ???? ????????????????????,
?????? ???????? - ???? ?????????? ???(???????? ???????? 2 ?????)?
2. ????? ????????? ???????? ? «?????????»,
?????? ???????? - ???????????? « had» -?.
????? ?????????
 |
?????? ????????
 |
?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? «? ??» ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? «????»-? ???????? ? ?? «???????»-? ? ????????? «?????» ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? Formation of the past tense in English:
????? 1. Past Perfect-? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????????????: ???????????????, ??? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???: ????, ??? ???? ??????? ????????, Past Simple-??? ?: ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ????????, ???? ??, ?? ???? ?, ?? ?? ??????????????? ? ???? ???????: ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????????
????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????????.
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????,
??????? ? ?????? - ?????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????????:
| ????????????? ?????? ???? | ????????????? ??????? ???? | |
| ?? ??? ????????? | ??? ?? ???? ????. | |
| ?? ??? ????????? | ??? ?? ???? ????. | |
| ??? - ???? - ??? (??????? ???? 3 ??) |
||
| ?????? ???????? | ?????? ???????? | |
|
?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ??????. |
||
| ?? ?????? ?? ????????? | ??? ?? ???? ????. | |
| ?? ????? ?????? ? ????????? | ??? ?? ???? ????. | |
| ?????? ???????? | ?????? ???????? | |
| ?? ??? ????????? | ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? | |
| ?? ??? ?? ?????????? | ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? | |
| ??? - ???? - ??? | ||
| ?????? ???????? | ?????? ???????? | |
????? 2.?? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????????????? ??? «???» ?????, ???? ?? ????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? (?????????? 3): ???????????? ?? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ????????:
Time Past Perfect Tens-? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????.
??????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? Past Perfect-? ???? ?????? ??????????? 4 ????????? ???»:
